The DeRisk Marketplace
Investors Guaranty Fund Ltd. ("IGF") one of the earliest financial guaranty | bondholder insurers based in Bermuda as the IGF Core principal entity.
De Risk - Digital Infrastructure Utili ty Company
IGF has been a technology company with insurance powers for decades.
Its unique contract forms and intellectual property have been prototyped at scale (more than USD$500 million) for approximately 40 years. During that period, the prototype transactions proved the advanced technologies and generated a significant amount of revenue and value. As set forth in circa 1994 patent applications, the inventors envisioned a "risk marketplace".
DeRisk, as a complement to DeFi and Alliance iii.o as a complement to Web 3.0, in conjunction with IGF's core patented technologies, recognised "AAA" policy ratings, cutting edge legislation, and advanced IT framework and applications, plus decades of international expertise, combined with an array of decentralised autonomous organisations specialising in applicable IAC™ Marketplace roles combine to introduce new forms of hybrid Digital Assets Opportunities.
IGF's design and its 35+ years of operations has been as a private insurer, facilitating transactions for its Principals. IGF has been privately held by more than 150 individual and institutional shareholders, including management.
Investors Guaranty Fund Ltd. was founded in 1985 by Douglas L. KIng, John T. Oakes, D. Patrick McCoy, Alasdair G. "Sandy" Barclay and Michael D. Freisenbruch as one of Bermuda's first financial guaranty insurers.
IGF Prinicipals have evolved the original patented "risk marketplace" design to enable IGF to transition in time to a publicly traded risk technology | services organisation, traded through digital wallets and traditional markets.
Its current corporate structure is illustrated in the graphic below.
Transition to Digital Twin
DX-Digital Transformation
Investors Guaranty Fund Ltd. ("IGF") operates under a hybrid management structure combining elements of corporate organisation practiced in United Kingdom, United States and Europe.
The Governance Protocol of IGF begins with its founding documents (Memorandum of Association and Bye-Laws) and its formation in 1985 under the Bermuda Companies Act 1978.
As its first element of "structural risk mitigation" IGF undertook to fully back its Policies with sufficient eligible government securities to timely pay a 100% loss on all Policies issued, an extraordinary approach for any insurance company.
IGF then instituted a strict operations policy focused on continuous limitation of exposure to jurisdiction risk outside of Bermuda.
The IGF Act
In 1991, the Investors Guaranty Fund, Ltd. (Policyholder Reserves) Act, 1991 was granted Royal Assent by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II. Under the IGF Act, IGF and any IAC™ Insurer were upgraded with significant risk mitigation powers designed to effectively create a "bankruptcy-proof" organisational structure designed to enable transformation and transfer of risk from policyholders to parties acquiring that risk, rather than mutualisation of risk across policyholders. The efficacy of this structure is confirmed by four international rating agencies assigning their highest ratings to Policies issued by and obligations guaranteed by IGF Act Companies ("IAC").
Board of Directors | Executive Directorate
As a British Overseas Territory, Directors are subject to liability for allowing a company to trade while insolvent. The IGF Act requires that all Policies issued must be capable of fully and timely satisfying all policy obligations. In addition, the internal security structure was transformed into a segregated Reserve structure, protecting assets and obligations of the legal entity, a concept now incorporated into "protected portfolios" legislation in many countries as "segregated portfolio companies", "segregated account companies", "Series LLC" and other forms.
More similar to a United States Board of Directors, where the authority rests with "the Board", a Director is not generally empowered to individually exercise authority as a Director in a fashion similar to a British directorship.
Thus, Directors are substantially restricted in their authority by the IGF Act and Bye-Laws, and the powers delegated to the Executive Directorate described below.
However, more like the British model, the Board of Directors has transferred operational authority to an Executive Directorate, headed by a Director with substantial operational Board powers, similar to a British "Managing Director". These operational powers may be devolved to specific executives within the Executive Directorate.
A key focus of Directors in the IGF Act is their role as protector of statutory non-disclosure information. Under the IGF Act, Directors are empowered to know "particulars of Policies" and to keep that information confidential. They and the Registrar of Companies of Bermuda are empowered to have access to the most confidential information of an IGF Act Company.
IGF Core Operations
IGF's primary role since 1998 has included an emphasis on technology and services to operations of its subsidiary insurers. The transition to IAC™ Marketplace, involves implementation of Digital Transformation of core operational functions to"Digital Twins" paired with discrete trios of assurance, insurance and financial guaranty insurers, each an "IAC™ Insurer and collectively "IGF Act Companies".
Reinsurance operations and various internal DeFi activities between IAC™ Insurers and IGF Core, are designed to integrate between each type of IAC™ Insurer and their IGF Core counterpart.
IGF's primary role continues and enhances its focus on technology | services | internal reinsurance of IAC™ Marketplace.
It is designed to bring together technology assets and initiatives, treasury functions, intramarket reinsurance activities, services units, reinsurance of FlexGIA™, and maintenance of a portfolio of IAC and Alliance iii.o related digital assets|currencies.
Its primary objective is to provide support in protection of IAC™ Insurers and other IAC™ Marketplace components, expansion of IAC Cube™ instances and its role in IAC™ Rules and Regulations of The IGF System™ and The IGF System™ Protocol.
To achieve these objectives, IGF has ultimate oversight over its three subsidiary insurers which support IAC™ Marketplace operations, its wholly-owned Bermuda regulated insurance manager and a collaborative role with Dystance, it services provider unit. Dystance provides key infrastructure, support and staffing services to IAC Core™.
DX - Digital Transformation
As IGF and IAC™ Marketplace advance toward Digital Twin technologies, the "structural risk mitigation" design of IAC™ Marketplace and IGF Act Companies, will continue to evolve to IT based marketplace operations, serving independent market professionals and other participants through digital means, which require a significantly smaller number of operational staff than traditional institutions.
Thus a primary focus of IGF executives is expected to be public facing, policy focused, shareholder relations, and executive interaction with other components of and participants in IAC™ Marketplace.
In addtion to integrating myriad international regulatory changes in the past decade, IGF Principals have focused on enhancing The IGF System™ to version 5.0, designed to operate in a "digital" framework envisioning new advances and capabilities.
At its core, these digital technologies enable enhanced compliance with the IGF Act. For example, by transitioning to the IAC Cube™ "digital twin" architecture and applying DAO technologies to a specific Policy, the IGF Act statutory non-disclosure provisions related to "Particulars of a Policy" are able to be limited to the Registrar of Companies and the issuing IAC™ Insurer's Board of Directors, as required by IGF Act.
Other attributes and content related to a Policy may be disaggregated through "DAGChain™", directed acyclic graphing technologies, more advanced than blockchain. This approach enables interaction with other certified IAC™ Marketplace participants, while remaining compliant with the IGF Act.
The result of ownership of IAC™ Insurers by IAC ISO, rather than as subsidiaries of IGF, shifts operational market and Policy information to IAC™ ISO infrastructure.
IGF, as the core technology | services organisation of the Digitally Transformed IAC™ Marketplace, is designed to benefit from "digital wallet" trading of decimalised IGF primary shares.
IGF was formed in 1985 as one of Bermuda's first financial guaranty insurers, perhaps one of the first in the world and its first "collateralised insurer", as IGF Principals invented the concept.
In 1998, IGF formed a trio of assurance, insurance and financial guaranty insurers, the original IAC Cube™ model. IGF subsequently acquired one of Bermuda's oldest regulated insurance managers. Thereafter, it took a 50% interest in a Bermuda services | staffing | facilities company in partnership with Investors Guaranty™ Group, a private capital group which provided "structural risk mitigation" and funding for a wide range of investments and entities.
Together, the above entities ("IGF Core") have provided support services to each IAC™ Insurer, including premises, technology services, operations, intra-market reinsurance, Treasury functions and digital assets integration.
The interaction between IGF Core, IGF Act Companies operating under IAC ISO, IAC™ Market Participants, Underwriting Members DAO and IAC™ Society are designed to structurally limit exposure to jurisdictional risk outside of Bermuda and British Overseas Territories.
IGF is to continue to undertake its reinsurance of interest rate setting capacity of IGA Type Insurers within IAC Cube™, so as to maintain the "debt" characterisation of FlexGIA™ and its role as a US recognised "depository" institution and lead Type 2 Participating Foreign Financial Institution and reporting entity for all IGA Type Insurers under US FATCA.
IGF's insurance subsidiaries are to provide intra-market reinsurance to IAC™ Insurers, as well as specialised operational services, including various Treasury functions.
IAC ISO is in formation and transition to become "parent" of IGF core operations/technology unit, with IGF retaining its current shareholder base.
Under IAC™ Marketplace Protocol, IAC ISO has been designed to create a collaborative and integrated framework for facilitating risk transfer, mitigation, retention, transformation and participation among present and future Bermuda based Digital Infrastructure Utility components and key Bermuda-based IAC™ Marketplace Participants, as well as international IAC™ Marketplace Participants aligned through role-specific Decentralised Autonomous Organisation ("DAO") networks.
Assumed risk and capital to support such risks may only combine within IAC™ Insurers located exclusively in Bermuda through transactions conducted solely in Bermuda under IAC™ Rules and Regulations of The IGF System™ compliant in all respects with Investors Guaranty Fund, Ltd. (Policyholder Reserves) Act, 1991 (the "IGF Act").
Each IAC™ Insurer must always be capable of timely paying a 100% loss on all Policies issued, being fully supported by eligible government obligations held by government approved custodians, certified as to sufficiency by international certification agents.
A key element of the framework is "structural risk mitigation" which begins with the design of IAC™ Marketplace and its core components, each a "digital infrastructure utility" or "DIU".
IAC ISO takes the form of a "protected portfolio" organisation empowered to segregate its assets into statutorily protected units, similar to the original IGF Act "Reserves" technology granted Royal Assent in 1991.
Its common equity holders are philanthropic |charitable|educational non-profit foundations (each a specialised form of regulated trust structure whose trustee is a regulated trust company), which have been in operation for more than two decades and which are significant shareholders of Investors Guaranty Fund Ltd. ("IGF").
Once authorised by shareholders and legal confirmation, IAC ISO is to become IGF's parent.
Dreward Management Ltd. ("Dreward") as IGF's Bermuda wholly-owned regulated insurance manager:
Local IAC™ Insurance Managers are to provide staffing services for IAC™ Insurers, conference rooms for Director's Meetings and a limited set of services, including interaction with claims adjusters as operations of an IAC™ Insurer are undertaken by "Digital Twin" digital infrastructure. As an IAC™ Role, an accredited "Insurance Manager" is subject to and must comply with The IGF System™ 5.0.
Each of IGF, its insurance subsidiaries, Dreward and its services unit - Dystance, are to operate under a closed digital network architecture (DAO), separate from IAC Cube™ IAC™ Insurers, as a part of IGF Core digital structural risk mitigation architecture.
Dystance has historically provided Bermuda local office, staffing, IT resources and other local infrastructure - its traditional role.
IGF, its three insurance subsidiaries (the original IAC Cube™), its regulated insurance manager and interest in services company ("IGF Core") transition to providing services within IAC™ Ecosystem. In essence, policies are only to be issued to IAC™ Insurers and IAC ISO services organisations.
The descriptions below highlight each entity's functions under the new IAC™ Marketplace operations approach.
Investors Guaranty Assurance, Ltd. ("IGA") is a [Re] life assurance company based in Bermuda as the IGF Core operational assurance entity.
Policies
IGA issues various types of insurance, assurance and indemnity on the [Re] Insurance Policy Form.
It has been the primary issuer of Guaranteed Investment Agreements and FlexGIA™ (Adjustable Rate GIA") on GIA™ and FlexGIA™ Policy Forms.
Under IAC™ Marketplace, IGA's Policy holders are limited to IGF, IGI, IFG, IAC™ Insurers, IAC Currency Reserves (Bermuda) and Anonymous Global Money ("AGM") Reserves (Bermuda).
Capital Support
Policy Collateral - Under IGF Act Article 2(f) IGA receives assets in support of Policies it issues, which rank senior to reinsurers, Transactional Capital and Underwriting Members under IGF Act Section 5(3)(g)
Transactional Capital - Under IGF Act Article 2(n) IGA may issue preference shares in support of Policies it issues and/or receive preference shares in support of Policies issued by IGI, IFG or IAC™ Insurers, the payment of which ranks after reinsurers and before Underwriting Members in the IGF Act distribution waterfall under a priority for return over other forms of capital surplus pursuant to Section 5(3)(g). Alternatively, IGA may provide Policy Collateral to IAC™ Insurers.
Interactions related to IGA acquiring surplus related to IAC Currency Reserve may be undertaken through Policy Collateral and/or Transactional Capital.
While the IGF Act Capital Source provisions are more expansive, IGA's interactions are limited to IAC™ Marketplace within Bermuda to structurally mitigate jurisdictional risk exposure outside of Bermuda.
T echnology | Services
IGA Type IAC™ Insurer Onboarding Tariffs - Formation of a new IGA Type IAC Insurer involves establishment of an IAC™ Insurer Digital Twin (IGA Type) with applicable configurations and linkages into applicable connectivity. IGA receives a portion of onboarding fees, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, with the balance after costs being distributed to IGF.
IGA Type IAC™ Insurer Periodic Tariffs - A range of ongoing fees and service costs related to a new IGA Type IAC Insurer are assessed on a periodic and/or continuous basis, a portion of which is retained by IGA with the net amount allocated to IGF, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, under agreed terms.
Technology - IGF is the primary repository of IGF Core technologies. Services and technologies may be combined in some instances. Most technology related revenues are directly and/or indirectly allocated to IGF.
IAC™ Insurers Services and Technology Revenues - It is expected that IGF Core will benefit from a base minimum amount of services and technology revenues throughout the life of an IAC™ Insurer. In addition, additional tariff revenues in services and technologies apply to Policies, Capital and other elements under The IGF System™, including fees to government, which are expected to be allocated through IGA.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to an IAC™ Insurer are anticipated to be based on a continuous 50 year term, or as otherwise agreed with IGF outside accountants.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to Policies and other types of contracts issued by IAC™ Insurers are expected to be based on the term of applicable agreements.
Note: In each of the above two paragraphs, onboarding of new IAC™ Insurers is expected to result in period revenue that reflects discounted value of contract term revenues, not just period revenues.
Note: Historically, these instruments have been valued at the present value of future revenues expected to be generated therefrom. In addition, it is expected that most if not all of the amounts allocated to IGA will be distributed to IGF, or at IGF's direction.
IAC™ Insurer Reserve Operations
Under Section 2(l) of IGF Act an IAC™ Insurer is able to issue a digital "certificate representing future income from a Reserve as such Reserve is discharged pursuant to the provisions of this Act". An array of types of digital assets may be created for issuance by an IAC™ Insurer, including IGA, mapping future income to various types of IAC™ Marketplace activities. These are generally referred to as "Digital Certificates of Residual Interest" or "Residual Interest Certificates".
Note: Historically, these instruments have been valued at the present value of future revenues expected to be generated therefrom. In 1999 gross policy issuance activities in the range of USD $330+ million resulted in approximately USD$29 miilion in discounted present value, based on discount rates higher than Q3 2022 10 Year Treasury rates. In addition, it is expected that most if not all of the amounts allocated to IGA will be distributed to IGF, or at IGF's direction.
IAC Currency Note: These types of Digital Assets may be transferred to IAC Currency Reserves in exchange for IAC digital currency units if agreed by applicable parties.
IntraMarketplace Reinsurance
IGA may provide intramarket reinsurance to IGA Type IAC™ Insurers on GIA™ and FlexGIA™ Policy Forms, as well as [Re] Insurance Policy Forms.
GIA may be issued from 1 day to perpetual, with or without interest or discount and in single or multiple currency, with a variety of standard and custom options.
FlexGIA™ may be issued from 30 to 50 years with agreed lifetime caps and floors and an internal floating rate reset corridor, between which periodic interest rates are reset.
All Policy Payment Liabilities are fully backed by applicable eligible government obligations, supporting maximum extent of claims payments and all payments of interest and principal.
Under the IAC™ Marketplace Stabilisation Protocol, applicable to each IAC™ Insurer, IGF has a long-term contractual right to participate in Policy premium and its related surplus support, as initially and from time to time agreed.
This structure enables IGF and IAC™ Marketplace, through IGA to benefit from IAC™ Insurer underwriting and capital support activities directly, providing a source of surplus to an IAC™ Insurer, the rate at which may set the market price for the particular Policy premium or specific securitised or takenised "risk cubes".
FlexGIA™ Reinsurance
IGF has historically provided a form of interest rate setting capacity coverage related to floating rate guaranteed investment agreements (Adjustable Rate GIA™, now referred to as FlexGIA™).This coverage provided additional support for establishing periodic interest rate reset at not less than an agreed floor.
This feature, among other components, established Adjustable Rate GIA™ (now FlexGIA™) as a "debt obligation" for institutional holders, as claims under this reinsurance policy can directly impact, i.e. increased interest payments, and would thus have reduced returns to IGF Shareholders, if such claims had been tendered.
With the transition to IAC™ Marketplace, an IGA Type IAC™ Insurer issuing FlexGIA™ periodically is pays reinsurance premiums to IGA, a wholly-owned subsidiary insurar of IGF, for FlexGIA™ interest rate setting capacity coverage, with a "cut-through" to IGF.
FlexGIA™ reinsurance policy for IAC™ Insurers provides a backstop for establishing the 1 Year Treasury Index at not less than an applicable government rate for 1 Year instruments, given the underlying terms and premium levels. IGA FlexGIA™ Reinsurance Premium is reinsured by IGF, which supports its reinsurance through a series of "backstops" designed to include its liquid assets available for share repurchase, dividends to shareholders, and other liquid assets, as well as dividends on IGF shares supporting IAC Currency Reserves, and dividends available for distribution to Foundation Owners of IAC ISO, as well as agreed liquid assets available for advances from IAC Currency Reserves.
The rationale is that FlexGIA™ may be viewed as "debt obligations" and that payments under IGF's FlexGIA™ Reinsurance Protocol could result in loss to shareholders of IGF and IAC ISO and is thus "debt", as noted by Mr. Larry Gorsky of the Illinios Insurance Department as a part of 26 US State Insurance Departments in 1999 granting their approval of Adjustable Rate GIAs for US Insurance Companies.
FlexGIA™ Policies maturing and/or redeemed without a claim on IGF FlexGIA™ Reinsurance result in an allocation of Digital Certificates of Residual Interest.
Treasury Functions
IGA's role is to provide core Treasury services interfacing with government approved custody relations, including through nominee custody arrangements, for immediately available funds, government| central bank | monetary authority digital cash, eligible government obligations, eligible government guaranteed obligations, and portfolio assets, held through applicable custody arrangements.
IGA provides IGF Core government support reserves and cash reserves for IGF Core subsidiaries and IAC™ Insurers digital cash units and digital government obligations units. These units are version 5.0 technology, based on the original global currency units and notional government securities operational from 1999 through 2020.
IGA operates a Digital Units Organisation, a technology component designed to manage issuance, repository, destroying, custody, digital vault and transfer of digital currency and digital coin, in fiat and digital currencies.
Pursuant to the 1990 Roadmap for IGF, this IGA Type Insurer organisational structure provides a long-term complement capability to a country-specific central bank or monetary authority if a country or monetary authority sponsors an IAC Cube™. Parties developing a digital Protocol may wish to consider Sponsoring an IAC Cube™ for digital central bank / monetary authority functions for digital currencies.
Many aspects of IAC Currency and AGM Currency are expected to be facilitated through IGA.
IGA's COUNTERPARTIES ARE ONLY IAC™ MARKETPLACE COMPONENT PARTICIPANTS, transacting only in Bermuda, except for its links to government approved custodians and/or central banks | monetary authorities which may not be in Bermuda.
Investors Guaranty Insurance, Ltd. ("IGI") is a [Re] insurance company based in Bermuda as the IGF Core operational insurance entity.
Policies
IGI may issue various types of insurance and indemnity on the [Re] Insurance Policy Form.
IGI's only Policy holders are IGF, IGA, IFG, IAC™ Insurers, IAC Currency Reserves (Bermuda) and Anonymous Global Money ("AGM") Reserves (Bermuda).
Capital Support
Policy Collateral - Under IGF Act Article 2(f) IGI may receive assets in support of Policies it issues and which rank before reinsurers, Transactional Capital and Underwriting Members under IGF Act Section 5(3)(g)
Transactional Capital - Under IGF Act Article 2(n) IGI may issue preference shares in support of Policies it issues and/or receive preference shares in support of Policies issued by IGI, IFG or IAC™ Insurers, the payment of which ranks after reinsurers and before Underwriting Members in the IGF Act distribution waterfall under a priority for return over other forms of capital surplus pursuant to Section 5(3)(g). Alternatively, IGI may provide Policy Collateral.
Interactions related to IGI acquiring surplus related to IAC Currency Reserve may be undertaken through Policy Collateral and/or Transactional Capital.
While the IGF Act Capital Source provisions are more expansive, IGI's interactions are limited to IAC™ Marketplace within Bermuda to structurally mitigate jurisdictional risk exposure outside of Bermuda.
T echnology | Services
IGI Type IAC™ Insurer Onboarding Tariffs - Formation of a new IGI Type IAC Insurer involves establishment of an IAC™ Insurer Digital Twin (IGI Type) with applicable configurations and linkages into applicable connectivity. IGI receives a portion of these onboarding fees, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, with the balance after costs being distributed to IGF.
IGI Type IAC™ Insurer Periodic Tariffs - A range of ongoing fees and service costs related to a new IGI Type IAC Insurer are assessed on a periodic or continuous basis, a portion of which is retained by IGI with the net amount being allocated to IGF, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, under agreed terms.
Technology - IGF is the primary repository of IGF Core technologies. Services and technologies may be combined in some instances. Most technology related revenues are to be directly and/or indirectly allocated to IGF.
IAC™ Insurers Services and Technology Revenues - It is expected that IGF Core will benefit from a base minimum amount of services and technology revenues throughout the life of an IAC™ Insurer. In addition, additional tariff revenues in services and technologies apply to Policies, Capital and other elements under The IGF System™, including fees to government, which are expected to be allocated through IGI.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to an IAC™ Insurer are anticipated to be based on a continuous 50 year term, or as otherwise agreed with IGF outside accountants.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to Policies and other types of contracts issued by IAC™ Insurer are expected to be based on the term of applicable agreements.
Note: In each of the above two paragraphs, onboarding of new IAC™ Insurers is expected to result in period revenue that reflects the discounted value of contract term revenues, not just period revenues.
Note: Historically, these instruments have been valued at the present value of future revenues expected to be generated therefrom. In addition, it is expected that most if not all of the amounts allocated to IGI will be distributed to IGF, or at IGF's direction.
IAC™ Insurer Reserve Operations
Under Section 2(l) of IGF Act an IAC™ Insurer is able to issue a digital "certificate representing future income from a Reserve as such Reserve is discharged pursuant to the provisions of this Act". An array of types of digital assets may be created for issuance by an IAC™ Insurer, including IGI, mapping future income to various types of IAC™ Marketplace activities. These are generally referred to as "Digital Certificates of Residual Interest".
IAC Currency Note: These types of Digital Assets may be transferred to IAC Currency Reserves in exchange for IAC digital currency units if agreed by applicable parties.
IntraMarketplace Reinsurance
IGI may provide intramarket reinsurance to IGI Type IAC™ Insurers on [Re] Insurance Policy Forms.
All Policy Payment Liabilities are fully backed by applicable eligible government obligations, supporting the maximum extent of claims payments and all payments of interest and principal.
Under the IAC™ Marketplace Stabilisation Protocol, applicable to each IAC™ Insurer, IGF has a long-term contractual right to participate in Policy premium and its related surplus support, as initially and from time to time agreed.
This structure enables IGF and IAC™ Marketplace, through IGI to benefit from IAC™ Insurer underwriting and capital support activities directly, providing a source of surplus to an IAC™ Insurer, the rate at which may set the market price for the particular Policy premium or specific securitised or takenised "risk cubes".
Treasury Functions
IGI operates a Digital Units Organisation, a technology component designed to manage issuance, repository, destroying, custody, digital vault and transfer of digital currency and digital coin, in fiat and digital currencies.
IGI's COUNTERPARTIES ARE ONLY IAC™ MARKETPLACE COMPONENT PARTICIPANTS, transacting only in Bermuda.
Investors Financial Guaranty, Ltd. ("IFG") is a Financial Guaranty insurance company based in Bermuda as the IGF Core operational financial guaranty entity.
Policies
IFG may issue various types of financial guaranty, insurance, indemnity on Financial Guaranty Insurance Form.
IFG's only Policy holders are IGF, IGI, IGA, IAC™ Insurers, IAC Currency Reserves (Bermuda) and Anonymous Global Money ("AGM") Reserves (Bermuda).
Capital Support
Policy Collateral - Under IGF Act Article 2(f) IFG may receive assets in support of Policies it issues and which rank before reinsurers, Transactional Capital and Underwriting Members under IGF Act Section 5(3)(g)
Transactional Capital - Under IGF Act Article 2(n) IFG may issue preference shares in support of Policies it issues and/or receive preference shares in support of Policies issued by IGI, IFG or IAC™ Insurers, the payment of which ranks after reinsurers and before Underwriting Members in the IGF Act distribution waterfall under a priority for return over other forms of capital surplus pursuant to Section 5(3)(g). Alternatively, IFG may provide Policy Collateral.
Interactions related to IGF acquiring surplus related to IAC Currency Reserve may be undertaken through Policy Collateral and/or Transactional Capital.
While the IGF Act Capital Source provisions are more expansive, IFG's interactions are limited to IAC™ Marketplace within Bermuda to structurally mitigate jurisdictional risk exposure outside of Bermuda.
T echnology | Services
IGF Type IAC™ Insurer Onboarding Tariffs - Formation of a new IFG Type IAC Insurer involves establishment of an IAC™ Insurer Digital Twin (IFG Type) with applicable configurations and linkages into applicable connectivity. IFG receives a portion of these onboarding fees, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, with the balance after costs being distributed up to IGF.
IFG Type IAC™ Insurer Periodic Tariffs - A range of ongoing fees and service costs related to a new IFG Type IAC Insurer are assessed on a periodic or continuous basis, a portion of which is retained by IFG with the net amount being allocated to IGF, which may be paid in fiat, IAC and/or AGM, under agreed terms.
Technology - IGF is the primary repository of IGF Core technologies. Services and technologies may be combined in some instances. Most technology related revenues are to be directly or indirectly allocated to IGF.
IAC™ Insurers Services and Technology Revenues - It is expected that IGF Core will benefit from a base minimum amount of services and technology revenues throughout the life of an IAC™ Insurer. In addition, additional tariff revenues in services and technologies apply to Policies, Capital and other elements under The IGF System™, including fees to government, which are expected to be allocated through IFG.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to an IAC™ Insurer are anticipated to be based on a continuous 50 year term, or as otherwise agreed with IGF outside accountants.
A portion of excess service fee income and technology revenue related to Policies and other types of contracts issued by IAC™ Insurer are expected to be based on the term of applicable agreements.
Note: In each of the above two paragraphs, onboarding of new IAC™ Insurers is expected to result in period revenue that reflects the discounted value of contract term revenues, not just period revenues.
Note: Historically, these instruments have been valued at the present value of future revenues expected to be generated therefrom. In addition, it is expected that most if not all of the amounts allocated to IFG will be distributed to IGF, or at its direction.
IAC™ Insurer Reserve Operations
Under Section 2(l) of IGF Act an IAC™ Insurer is able to issue a digital "certificate representing future income from a Reserve as such Reserve is discharged pursuant to the provisions of this Act". An array of types of digital assets may be created for issuance by an IAC™ Insurer, including IFG, mapping future income to various types of IAC™ Marketplace activities. These are generally referred to as "Digital Certificates of Residual Interest".
IAC Currency Note: These types of Digital Assets may be transferred to IAC Currency Reserves in exchange for IAC digital currency units if agreed by applicable parties.
IntraMarketplace Reinsurance
IFG may provide intramarket reinsurance to IFG Type IAC™ Insurers on the Financial Gauaranty Policy Form.
All Policy Payment Liabilities are fully backed by applicable eligible government obligations, supporting the maximum extent of claims payments and all payments of interest and principal.
Under the IAC™ Marketplace Stabilisation Protocol, applicable to each IAC™ Insurer, IGF has a long-term contractual right to participate in Policy premium and its related surplus support, as initially and from time to time agreed.
This structure enables IGF and IAC™ Marketplace, through IFG to benefit from IAC™ Insurer underwriting and capital support activities directly, providing a source of surplus to an IAC™ Insurer, the rate at which may set the market price for the particular Policy premium or specific securitised or takenised "risk cubes".
Banking Functions
IFG's role may include specific Treasury functions including acting as core internal bank for IGF through one or more branch bank structures in Bermuda and through other countries.
IFG operates a Digital Units Organisation, a technology component designed to manage issuance, repository, destroying, custody, digital vault and transfer of digital currency and digital coin, in fiat and digital currencies.
IFG's COUNTERPARTIES ARE ONLY IAC™ MARKETPLACE COMPONENT PARTICIPANTS, transacting only in Bermuda, except for its links to government approved custodians, branch banks, central banks and monetary authorities which may be in or outside of Bermuda.
Dreward Management Ltd. became a regulated insurance manager in Bermuda in 1982.
The IGF System™ 5.0
A primary role of Dreward Management Ltd. relates to archive, maintenance, updating and administering the change state of The IGF System™ 5.0 Protocol and its IAC™ Rules and Regulations of The IGF System™.
Principal Representative
An additional Role is acting as Principal Representative of IGF, IGA, IGI and IFG. A somewhat similar role is under discussion with regard to IAC ISO as a regulated Bermuda LLC |SAC | ISAC.
IAC™ Marketplace Regulatory Liason
Within the IAC™ Marketplace, Dreward Management Ltd. is to engage in a role designed to liase with Bermuda regulators on regulatory matters affecting IAC™ Marketplace regulated parties and rating agencies, as well as interacting with Bermuda regulated "Insurance Managers", who facilitated IAC™ Insurer operations.
Directed Services Related to IGF, IGI, IFG, and IGA
Various activities related to IGF, IGI, IFG and IGA are to continue to be administered by Dreward Management Ltd. as amended from time to time.
Role Administration
Consistent with IAC™ Rules and Regulations of The IGF System™, Dreward may administer, facilitate accreditation and certification of and assist in educational activities related to various recognised roles within IAC™ Marketplace, including Insurance Intermediaries, Recognised Broker Dealers, Underwriters, Insurance Managers and particularly other regulated parties.
Non-Profit Liason
Dreward Management Ltd. is to act as liasion to non-profit organisations including IAC™ Marketplace IAC ISO owners and management.
Dystance™ is an infrastructure service entity owned 50% by IGF and 50% by Dystance Group, an Investors Guaranty Global Alliance company. It only provides services to affiliated parties.
Dystance™ affiliated companies were one of the earliest global digital infrastructure providers beginning in 1999.
Physical Facilities
Dystance has provided office space, furnishings, and support for IGF and IG interests in Bermuda for nearly two decades.
Staffing
Staffing to support Dreward, IGF, IGI, IFG, IGA and various IG entities - a core function of Dystance for years.
IT Services
Dystance™ companies were early pioneers in virtualised cloud services located in more than 13 centres around the world in the early 2000s. Dystance Bermuda has provided a range of in office and data centre facilities as well as wireless network services in Bermuda for IGF Core and Investors Guaranty Global Alliance™ affiliates.